People genitalia regarding M. fasciculata and you will methods to have mating plug coupling. (A) Virgin female genitalia for the front take a look at. (B) Male genitalia from pre-copula male, dealing with the female genitalia. (C–E) Genital capsule, metasomal sterna S-VIII and you will S-IX. (F) Male genitalia undertaking the brand new coupling of your connect: ventral look at genital tablet and you will metasomal sternum S-IX projecting from the human anatomy of your own men because of the good telescopic course. (G) Male vaginal supplement detached from male’s human body, with penis valves brought about, gonostyli against the exact opposite standing in relation to the initial. (H) Metasomal sterna S-VIII and you can S-IX, where sternum S-IX takes on its unique standing from inside the male’s instinct. (I) Mating plug in more detail, indicating this new lateral compression out-of gonocoxites. (J) The fresh new genital chamber of an effective plugged females: the fresh membranous area that has the mating connect attached.
About low-Melipona variety (F
longipes, S. aff. Postica, and you may P. minima), we observed sturdy manhood regulators with intermediary curvature and a reduced spatha ( Profile step 1)paring the overall morphology of manhood valves and you will spatha out of M. fasciculata to the other analyzed species, i found that both Meters. flavolineata and you can Meters. seminigra have slim knob regulators with lowest curvature. not, M. seminigra keeps reduced regulators than simply Meters. flavolineata, and a more developed spatha when comparing to another Melipona ( Contour step one).
Breakdown off hypothesized plugging strategies
The very last condition out-of mating plugs to the mated girls paired the latest updates of one’s male’s instinct during copulation because of “J” direction and you may position below female’s instinct ( Contour 4C). In every physogastric queens off Yards. fasciculata, we seen the brand new mating plug attached to the membranous vaginal pouches from the dick valves, on spatha skin based on the the feminine ventral part, placed directly under the fresh gonopore ( Shape 3J). We propose that the brand new mating connect device are caused if the men vaginal capsule is irreversibly protruded out-of male’s human anatomy, which results in modified ranking of your gonostyli, cock regulators, and you can gonocoxites.
The fresh new mating collection of Meters. fasciculata, centered on a video record of mating off a related varieties. Throughout: (A) men in-flight, seeking reputation by itself over the people; (B) organized male, appearing sets from ft fitting along besthookupwebsites.org/local-hookup/colorado-springs/ side woman’s human anatomy; (C) male increasing the gut of one’s girls; (D) men leaving the female after winning mating, that’s, the mating connect connection. Throughout parts, male wings try portrayed so you can represent their movement throughout the mating, centered on Supplementary Clips S1 .
New mating pair of Yards. fasciculata, centered on a video checklist off mating out of a related varieties. All the way through: (A) male in-flight, seeking to condition by itself over the female; (B) organized men, exhibiting sets away from legs fitted over the woman’s human body; (C) male increasing the abdomen of your own women; (D) men making the feminine immediately after successful mating, that’s, the brand new mating plug attachment. In most parts, male wings try represented in order to portray the way while in the mating, based on Second Videos S1 .
According to research by the evaluation ranging from sleeping condition of vaginal pills and you will caused county out-of mating plugs, the useful morphology, plus in videos facts into mating conclusion regarding a directly associated kinds ( Additional Videos S1 ), we suggest that leading to out of mating connect happens in 5 hypothetical tips ( Rates 3 and cuatro):
Just after immobilizing the female human body, a man inserts their metasomal sternum S-VIII underneath the female tergum T-VI, lifting it ( Figure 4C).
Once the ladies vaginal chamber was established ( Contour 3A), a man gonostyli touches the fresh new woman’s genital region. After positioning the new sternum S-VIII, a man metasomal sternum S-IX protrudes outside of the male’s human body towards the the newest woman’s genital chamber in addition to the genital supplement, because of the an excellent telescopic movement ( Contour 3F). The newest installation from male genital medicine on the ladies vaginal chamber isn’t with the gonostyli, and this disperse backward during the procedure, left beyond your lady genital chamber ( Profile 3G).